Volatile Buffers for LCMS & ELSD Detectors
Buffer Preparation Calculator (University of Liverpool). Choose the buffer species you want to use. Enter parameters for volume, pH, and concentration of buffer species, with an option to modify the ionic strength by addition of neutral salt. Finally, enter the temperature at which you'll use the buffer, and the temperature at which you'll make it up. All in all and excellent tool you'll find useful.
| Reagent | Formula Weight |
Density |
Approx. Strength |
Molarity (M) |
Normality (N) |
||
lower |
higher |
||||||
| Acetic Acid1 (CH3COOH) | 60.052 |
1.05 |
99.8% |
17.4 |
17.4 |
4.3 - 5.3 |
|
| Ammonia : Acetic Acid (NH3 : CH3COOH) | 77.083 |
4.3 - 5.3 |
8.8 - 9.8 |
||||
| Ammonia : Formic Acid (NH3 : HCOOH) | 63.057 |
3.3 - 4.3 |
8.8 - 9.8 |
||||
| Ammonium Acetate (CH3CONH4) | 77.0825 |
1.17 |
3.8 - 5.8 |
8.2 - 10.2 |
|||
| Ammonium Bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) | 79.056 |
1.59 |
5.9 - 6.9 |
8.8 - 9.8 |
|||
| Ammonium Carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) | 96.09 |
1.50 |
5.9 - 6.9 |
8.8 - 9.8 |
|||
| Ammonium Formate (HCONH4) | 63.0559 |
1.28 |
2.8 - 4.8 |
8.2 - 10.2 |
|||
| Formic Acid1 (HCOOH) | 46.026 |
1.13 |
90% |
23.6 |
23.6 |
3.3 - 4.3 |
|
| Pyridine : Formic Acid (C6H6NO2) | 125.048 |
3.3 - 4.3 |
4.8 -5.8 |
||||
| Trimethylamine : Formic Acid (C3H9N : HCOOH) | 105.14 |
3.3 - 4.3 |
9.3 - 10.3 |
||||
| Trimethylamine : Acetic Acid (C3H9N : CH3COOH) | 114.49 |
4.3 -5.3 |
9.3 - 10.3 |
||||
| 1-Methylpiperidene (C6H13N) | 99.17 |
1.71 |
> 98% |
10.0 - 12.0 |
|||
| Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) |
35.046 |
0.90 |
56.6%4 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
||
(1) Formic acid is slightly stronger and more volatile than Acetic acid. Neither Acetic Acid nor Formic Acid are buffers alone, which results in wider analyte peaks.
(2) While Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is volatile, it is not a buffer, nor recommended for LC/MS applications since it can cause matrix effect baseline contamination and can be hard to remove from the MS source.
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